贵州省贵阳市第三十八中学高中数学必须修读5演示课件-数列求与.pptVIP

2.常见的拆项公式:(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【例2】（2012·大连模拟）已知数列{an}各项均为正数，其 前n项和为Sn,且满足4Sn=(an+1)2， (1)求{an}的通项公式; (2)设 数列{bn}的前n项和为Tn,求Tn的最小值. 【解题指南】(1)利用Sn+1-Sn=an+1寻找an+1与an的关系. (2)先用裂项法求Tn,再根据数列{Tn}的单调性求最小值. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【规范解答】(1)因为(an+1)2=4Sn, 所以 所以 即 ∴2(an+1+an)=(an+1+an)·(an+1-an). 因为an+1+an≠0，所以an+1-an=2，即{an}为公差等于2的等差数 列. 由(a1+1)2=4a1，解得a1=1,所以an=2n-1. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)由(1)知 ∴Tn=b1+b2+…+bn ∴Tn+1＞Tn，∴数列{Tn}为递增数列, ∴Tn的最小值为 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【反思·感悟】 1.在对bn进行裂项时,易犯 的错误,可通过通分验证. 2.在用裂项相消法求和时,消项后并不一定只剩下第一项 和最后一项,也可能剩下前几项和后几项. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【变式训练】等差数列{an}的各项均为正数,a1=3,前n项和为 Sn,{bn}为等比数列,b1=1,且b2S2=64,b3S3=960. (1)求an与bn; (2)求 的值. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【解析】(1)设{an}的公差为d,{bn}的公比为q,则d为正数，an=3+(n-1)d,bn=qn-1, 依题意有 解得 故an=3+2(n-1)=2n+1,bn=8n-1. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)由（1）知Sn=3+5+…+(2n+1)=n(n+2), 所以 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 错位相减法求和 【方法点睛】 应用错位相减法应注意的问题 (1)一般地,如果数列{an}是等差数列,{bn}是等比数列,求数列{an·bn}的前n项和时,可采用错位相减法求和,一般是和式两边同乘以等比数列{bn}的公比,然后作差求解. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)在写出“Sn”与“qSn”的表达式时应特别注意将两式“错项对齐”以便下一步准确写出“Sn-qSn”的表达式. 【提醒】在应用错位相减法求和时，若等比数列的公比为参数,应分公比等于1和不等于1两种情况求解. Evaluation only. Crea