医药英语教程第四单元课文翻译.docxVIP

Computing from basement to bedside从地下室到床旁的计算The use of computers inareas related to medicine dates from the mid-1960s,and very costly. Their main use-automating simple repetitive tasks was not well suited to the complex nature of medicine,though they had potential user in related areas.An example of this was the use of computers to automate the creation of Index Medicus,an index of articles published in medical journals.Subsequently,the database was made available online, under the name Medline ,increasing speed and efficiency in locating relevant articles.Computers also began to be used in laboratories in simple testing and for making results available.在医学史上于上世纪60年代中期计算机的使用是非常昂贵的。虽然他们在相关领域有潜在用户，但他们的主要用途是简单的重复性任务，不适合复杂性质的药物。这方面的一个例子是电脑自动索引的创建使用，发表在医学期刊论文索引。随后，在名称索引下，数据基地提供了可在线使用，提高速度和效率在定位相关文章。电脑也开始被用于简单的测试和在实验室的制造研发中可用。However, during the 1970s, as computers become slightly smaller and less expensive, possibilities for their use in patient care began to be explored.A major step forward was the establishment of medical informatics as a discipline in 1977,which considered issues relating to the relatively low processing power of computers at the time, medical informatics remained largely theoretical.Practical uses for computers in hospitals were largely limited to administration, such as keeping track of bills and sending out invoices.然而，在上世纪70年代，计算机变得更小，更便宜，他们使用的病人护理的可能性开始探索。向前迈出的重要一步，是医学的建立作为一门学科，在1977，这被认为是相对低的处理能力的计算机的时候，医学信息学基本上仍然是理论的实际用途医院里的电脑基本上只限于行政管理，比如跟踪账单，发出去的发票。 By the mid-1980s, a new and far more practical approach to medical informatics was becoming possible.The fall in the cost of computing power,a result of the development of the PC by IBM in 1980, meant that theoretical research could now be tested in practice.One consequence of this was an increase in the number of hospitals and medical practices using computers to keep track of patient records.Electronic patient records offered huge advantages over paper records in terms of saving on strage space