高阅读理解.docVIP

How has smoking been controlled in recent years?People were asked to stop smoking in a range of public places—such as doctors surgeries，cinemas，theatres and churches—over the second half of the 20th century but it was after the Kings Cross Underground fire on November 18,1987，caused by a cigarette end which resulted in 31 deaths，that restrictions on smoking in public places gained rapid and widespread acceptance.How did a ban on smoking in public places come into place?In 1998 the Smoking Kills White Paper set out a national strategy to reduce smoking prevalence(流行)and passive smoking，including in public places. The measures were voluntary and poorly carried out. After a public conference in England in 2004，the Government decided to choose for lawmaking. Scotland went first，with a ban in 2006，followed by the other nations a year later.What is the current law?Any person who smokes in enclosed public places，including pubs，offices，on public transport and work vehicles，is breaking the law. It does not extend to private houses. It is also an offence for people in charge of premises to permit others to smoke in them.?How was it received?It was welcomed by most organizations—except for some pub owners and restaurateurs. Many workplaces in the UK had already introduced smokefree policies consistent with the legislation(法律，法规)before it was carried out，while others have gone beyond its basic requirements.All railway facilities，including platforms，footbridges and other areas—whether or not fitting the definition of an enclosed public space—are covered，as are all football grounds and some cricket and athletics stadiums. School grounds are not required to be smokefree under the legislation，but the majority now are.How has it been forced?Compliance(服从)in public premises has been high，with inspections suggesting that 99 percent of places were sticking to the rules.The number of people charged for smoking in cars has been very low，which was due to the problems defining an