unit1--7句子成分语法（整理）.docVIP

句子成分 掌握句子成分,把握句子脉络,有助于理解句子意思. 见到英语句子应当首先抓住句子的主要成分,即:主语部分和谓语部分.先搞清句子所要陈述的对象(谁 或什么),干 ( 做) 什么,然后在去找修饰成分或说明成分. 句子所要陈述的对象(谁或什么) 是主语;干 ( 做) 是 谓语;谓语的承受者是宾语.修饰主语和宾语的成分是定语;修饰谓语、形容词或副词的成分是状语;系动词之后的成分是表语.以及还有补足语，同位语。例如: The Chinese workers are building a tall building near the school . 定语 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 状语 These delicious food tastes good . 定语 主语 谓语 表语 Unit 1 主语 ( Subject ) 主语是句子所要陈述的对象.它是一句话的头,它回答谁 、什么的问题，作主语的主要是名词和代词 ,还有数词, 动名词,不定式, 名词化的形容词，从句等. 例如: 1) You are wanted on the phone . (代词) 2) Mary is the cleverest of the three. (名词) 3) ----What makes you so upset？ (疑问词) ----- Losing the wallet. (动名词) 4) Its no use crying over spilt milk . (it为形式主语，动名词为真正的主语) 5) To see is to believe. (不定式) 6) Whether he comes or not doesnt matter. (从句) 7) Its important for you to finish this task. (it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语) 8) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) 9）The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词) 有几个值得注意的问题: 1) 动名词与不定式作主语意义不同, 动名词作主语一般说来指的是一个概念或一个既成事实,如 3) 句和4)句.而动词不定式作主语则表示将要发生的事, 如 7) 句 2) 在主系表结构中,主语和表语使用不定式还是使用动名词应当一致,如 5) 句主语是to see , 表语也是不定式, 此句还可以改成,Seeing is believing .主语和表语都是动名词 3) 动词不定式作主语经常由it来作形式主语, 如7) 句 4) 名词化的形容词也能充当主语成分, 如: the rich ( 富人) , the poor ( 穷人) , the wounded (伤员), the dying (临死的人), 例句 : The wounded are now out of danger . (那些伤员已经脱离危险)，如第9）句 5) 主语一般情况下放在句首, 但是在there be结构，疑问句(当主语不是疑问词)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词、或情态动词之后。 如：There are some books on the table. ( there be句型 ) How is your mother? (疑问句) Will you go out or stay here? (疑问句) Never shall I forget it. (倒装句) 练习题 I. 找出下列句中的主语并说出是由什么来充当的 1. We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us. 2. Whether you dont like him is none of my business. 3. They live on a busy street. It must be very noisy. 4. There are some boys and girls on the playground. 5. To say it is easier than to do it. 6. It is p