颅骨及其连结知识.pptVIP

第三节 颅骨及其连结 一、颅骨 二、颅骨的连结 The skull is composed of 23 bones, which may be divided into the cerebral cranium and facial cranium  Cerebral cranium 脑颅(8) ―larger, upper and posterior part, contains and protects the brain Single bones: include frontal bone 额骨, ethmoid bone 筛骨, sphenoid bone 蝶骨, occipital bone 枕骨 Paired bones: include temporal bone 颞骨 parietal bone 顶骨 Bones of facial cranium 面颅(15) ―smaller, lower, and anterior part, contains bones that surrounded the eye, nose and mouth Single bones: include mandible下颌骨, vomer 犁骨 hyoid bone舌骨 Paired bones: include maxilla 上颌骨, nasal bone 鼻骨, lacrimal bone 泪骨, palatine bone 腭骨, zygomatic bone 颧骨, inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌，外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。 Mandible下颌骨 Body of mandible Superior border: alveolar arch 牙槽弓 Inferior border: base of mandible下颌底 Outer surface: mental protuberance 颏隆凸, mental foramen 颏孔 Inner surface: mental spine 颏棘, digastric fossa 二腹肌窝 Ramus: has two vertical processes separated by mandibular notch下颌切迹 Coronoid process 冠突 Condylar process 髁突 head of mandible 下颌头 neck of mandible 下颌颈 Mandibular foramen 下颌孔， mandibular lingula下颌小舌 Angle of mandible下颌角 Masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆 The skull as a whole 颅的整体观 Skull viewed from above (superior view) Bones: frontal额, paired parietal顶, occipital枕 Sutures: coronal冠状缝, sagittal 矢状缝, lambdoid人字缝 parietal tuber 顶结节， parietal foramen顶孔 Internal surface of the calvaria sulcus for superior sagittal sinus上矢状窦沟 granular foveola 颗粒小凹 arterial grooves 动脉沟 Skull viewed from behind external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸 superior nuchal line上项线 Internal view of base of skull 颅底内面观 Base of skull forms three fossae Anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 Middle cranial fossa 颅中窝 Posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝 Anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 Formed by orbital part of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of s