系统解剖 英文版 听觉 Vestibulocochlear Organ幻灯片.pptVIP

Vestibulocochlear Organ General Features Three parts External ear 外耳: collects sound waves Middle ear 中耳: transmits sound waves Internal ear 内耳: contains the organs of hearing and balance External Ear 外耳 Auricle 耳廓 External acoustic meatus 外耳道 Tympanic membrane 鼓膜 Auricle 耳廓 ★External Acoustic Meatus 外耳道 A slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane Two parts Cartilaginous part－ lateral 1/3 Bony part－medial 2/3 Lined by a layer of thin skin This S-shaped passage medially, at first forward and upward, then backward and, finally forward and downward In babyhood, it is shorter and more horizontal than in adult Tympanic Membrane 鼓膜 A thin oval membrane, about 1 cm in diameter Lying obliquely between external acoustic meatus and tympanic cavity ★Two parts Flaccid part 松弛部: upper 1/8～1/6 Tense part 紧张部: lower 5/6 ～ 7/8, pearly gray Umbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐 Cone of light 光锥 outer suface of skin, inner surface of mucous membrane Acute otitis median 急性中耳炎 Perforation, inflammation or trauma 鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤） ★Middle Ear 中耳 Tympanic cavity 鼓室 Auditory tube 咽鼓管 Mastoid antrum 乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房 Tympanic Cavity 鼓室 An air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membrane Has six walls ★Walls of Tympanic Cavity  Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁 Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 Posterior Wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 Lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁 Walls of Tympanic Cavity Lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁 tympanic membrane bony lateral wall of epitympanic recess superiorly Walls of Tympanic Cavity Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁 formed by tegmen tympani separates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossa Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 narrow thin plate of temporal bone overlying superior bulb of internal jugular vein Walls of Tympanic Cavity Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 Lower part: bone forming wall of caroti