完整的氮肥管理策略提高油菜产量,含油量和氮肥的高效利用详解.pptxVIP

完整的氮肥管理策略提高油菜产量，含油量和氮肥的高效利用 Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the dominant oilseed crop in northern Europe. Generally, it requires high amounts of nitrogen (N) but is characterized by low N efficiency fertilizer. Consequently, there is a strong need to resume all the relevant information on N in relation to cropping of winter oilseed rape and environmental impact to improve the efficiency of rape production. To enhance the productivity of winter oilseed rape cropping, integrated N-management strategies are needed including optimized N-supply due to varied crop rotations or fertilization, best soil and crop management practices. Introduction Integrated N-management strategies affecting N-efficiency in plant production (Wiesler et al., 2001a) Improving N-efficiency of winter oilseed rape will reduce the potential for environmental pollution and improve economic returns. In terms of the environment, the crop should receive optimum doses of N to insure yield development and to avoid subsequent N-leaching from the soil . Definition of N-efficiency Literature to describe the agronomic and physiological range of Nefficiency referring to external and internal N-status N and yield formation The life cycle of winter oilseed rape is divided into ten principalstages. The use of numerical keys is useful for timing of management operations. Definitions and codes of stages of development in oilseed rape . N and yield formation Yield structure of winter oilseed rape Influence of environmental factors on plant growth and N-efficiency Environmental factors Soil conditions Water availability Temperature Radiation Atmospheric CO2-concentration Integrated N-management strategies Crop rotation Previous crops to winter oilseed rape Winter oilseed rape as previous crop Cultivar Amount of N Predicting N-demand Rate of N Form of N-fertilizer Organic fertilization versus mineral fertilization Form of mineral N-fertilizer Technique of N-application Timing of N-application Integr