高中考试物理第一轮总复习演示课件-实验七.pptVIP

实验七　测定金属的电阻率 (同时练习使用螺旋测微器) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实验目的 1. 掌握电流表、电压表和滑动变阻器的使用方法; 2. 掌握螺旋测微器的使用和读数方法; 3. 会用伏安法测电阻, 进一步测定金属的电阻率. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实验原理 图7－3－1 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1)螺旋测微器的构造 如图7－3－2所示是常用的螺旋测微器. 它的小砧A和固定刻度B固定在框架C上. 旋钮D、微调旋钮D′和可动刻度E、测微螺杆F连在一起, 通过精密螺纹套在B上. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)螺旋测微器的原理 测微螺杆F与固定刻度B之间的精密螺纹的螺距为0.5 mm, 即旋钮D每旋转一周, F前进或后退0.5 mm, 图7－3－2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 而可动刻度E上的刻度为50等份, 每转动一小格, F前进或后退0.01 mm.即螺旋测微器的精确度为0.01 mm.读数时误差出现在毫米的千分位上, 因此, 螺旋测微器又叫千分尺. (3)读数: 测量时被测物体长度的整毫米数由固定刻度读出, Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 小数部分由可动刻度读出. 测量值(毫米)＝固定刻度数(毫米)(注意半毫米刻线是否露出)＋可动刻度数(估读一位)×0.01(毫米). 3. 选择电流表内、外接的方法 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4. 滑动变阻器的接法 (1)滑动变阻器必须接成分压式的几种情况: ①要求电压表能从零开始读数; ②要求电表能有较大的调节范围; ③当待测电阻Rx?R(滑动变阻器的最大阻值)时; Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ④若采用限流式接法, 电路中的最小电流仍超过电路中电表、电阻的允许电流. (2)当待测电阻Rx与R差不多, 或R比Rx稍大时, 滑动变阻器接成限流式. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实验器材 毫米刻度尺、螺旋测微器、直流电流表和直流电压表、滑动变阻器(阻值范围0～50 Ω)、电