中山大学 生化习题 例题（酶）.docVIP

三、关于酶的组题（答题要简洁，条理清晰，有针对性。如果你要回答的内容在前面已经给出，可以采用“参见……”的引用方式，以便节省答题时间） 酶为什么具有催化功能？（4分）为什么糜蛋白酶（Chymotrypsin）属于丝氨酸蛋白水解酶家族？你还知道那些丝氨酸蛋白水解酶以及蛋白水解酶家族？（4分） 酶为什么具有最适催化温度和pH值？（4分） 糜蛋白酶的催化动力学曲线与肌红蛋白的氧合曲线类似；天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶（ATCase）是一个变构酶，它的催化动力学曲线是否与血红蛋白的氧合曲线类似，为什么？（4分） 糜蛋白酶的一级结构及其激活过程如图所示，这个激活顺序能否颠倒？给出理由（4分） 对于人工酶（如环糊精）、核酶（RNA）、抗体酶、同工酶、以及具有催化功能的脂类分子集合体等具有明显区别的概念或对象，你能用什么基本原理将他们统一在“催化”的旗帜下？给出理由（4分） You are working on a compound as a potential drug that inhibits an overproduced enzyme whose uncontrolled activity leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation (cancer). A steady-state kinetic analysis of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was carried out, with velocities measured as a function of the concentration of the substrate in the absence and in the presence of 10 nM inhibitor. The results of the kinetics experiment are plotted for you below. Please answer the following questions. (10 pts) What type of inhibitor is this compound (be as specific as you can)? Show the diagram of the inhibitor’s mechanism (by E denoting enzyme, S denoting substrate, I denoting inhibitor; for example: ). Calculate the Km, Kcat in the absence of inhibitor andKmapp, Kcatapp in the presence of inhibitor (app denoting apparent. The total concentration of enzyme is 2nM). Calculate the inhibitor constant KI. IV. Lysozyme destroys the cell wall of bacteria by catalyzing the hydrolysis of 1,4-β-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) residues in a peptidoglycan. Six hexoses of the substrate fit into the active site of lysozyme, a deep cleft across part of the globular protein surface this cleft. Figure A shows the hydrolytic process of 1,4-β-linkages between NAM and NAG and figure B shows the pH-activity profile of lysozyme. Please calculate the ratio of the enzyme molecules which really work at pH 3.8, 5.2, 6.6 to all enzyme molecules, and explain figure B according to your calculation (pH = pKa + lg([A-]/[HA])； pKaGlu = 5.9, pKaAsp = 4.5；102.1≈126，100.7≈5).