Burn and Unburn.ppt

Burn and Unburn Oxidation and reduction always occur together. (NH4)2CrO7 → Cr2O3 + N2 + 4 H2O Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation and Reduction Use mnemonic: “LEO the lion goes GER.” LEO: Loss of Electrons is Oxidation GER: Gain of Electrons is Reduction Oxidation and Reduction Oxidizing and Reducing Agents Oxidizing agents cause oxidation. Reducing agents cause reduction. Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Oxidation and reduction reactions can be used to produce electricity. Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Electrodes: Pieces of metal where electrons are transferred. Anode: Electrode where oxidation occurs. Cathode: Electrode where reduction occurs. Electrochemical Cells and Batteries The oxidation and reduction reactions can be represented as half-reactions: oxidation: Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2 e- reduction: 2 Ag+(aq) + 2 e- → 2 Ag(s) ---------------------------------- Overall reaction: Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s) Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Dry Cell: Zn + 2 MnO2 + H2O → Zn2+ + Mn2O3 + 2 OH- Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Lead Storage Batteries: Discharge: Pb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O Recharge: 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O → Pb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 Electrochemical Cells and Batteries Nickel-cadmium batteries are used in portable radios and cordless appliances. They use cadmium anodes and nickel-oxide cathodes. Fuel cells are an interesting kind of battery. The fuel is oxidized at the anode and O2 is reduced at the anode. The electrons are allowed to flow through a wire and do work. Corrosion Rusting of iron: 2 Fe + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Fe(OH)2 4 Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Fe(OH)3 Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Aluminum is more reactive than iron. However, corrosion of aluminum is not a serious problem. Aluminum oxide is very tough and prevents further corrosion. Corrosion Silve