现代语言学复习要点综述.docxVIP

Chapter?1??Introduction?绪论? 1?什么是语言学?what?is?linguistics?? 1.1?定义?definition?? ???????Linguistics?is?generally?defined?as?scientific?study?of?language.?? 1.2?语言学的研究范畴??the?scope?of?linguistics? ??????a.?The?study?of?language?as?a?whole?is?often?called?general?linguistics.??????????把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。?? ??????b.?The?study?of?sounds?used?in?linguistic?communication?led?to?the?establishment?of?a?branch?of?linguistics?called?phonetics.?语音学?phonetics ????????How?speech?sounds?are?produced?and?classified.? ??????c.?how?sounds?are?put?together?and?used?to?convey?meaning?in?communication.??? ????????how?sounds?form?systems?and?function?to?convey?meaning.???phonology?音位学/?音系学phonology??????????交际中语音的组合规律及传达意义的方式? ??????d.?The?study?of?the?way?in?which?these?symbols?are?arranged?to?form?words?has?constituted?the?branch?of?study?called? morphology.?形态学?morphology ?????????how?morphemes?are?combined?to?form?words.? ?????????这些符号通过排列组合而成构成语词，对于这种排列组合方式的研究构成了语言学研究的另一个分支，如对形态 学的研究。? ??????e.?The?combination?of?these?words?to?form?permissible?sentences?in?languages?is?governed?by?rules.?The?study?of?these?rules? constitutes?a?major?branch?of?linguistic?studies,?syntax.?句法学?syntax ?????????how?morphemes?and?words?are?combined?to?form?sentences.??????? f.?The?study?of?meaning. ?semantics?语义学?(in?abstraction)? semantics ??????g.?the?study?of?meaning?is?conducted?in?context?of?use.?pragmatics语用学??????? pragmatics h.?the?study?of?language?with?reference?to?society.?sociolinguistics.?社会语言学???sociolinguistics ??????i.?the?study?of?language?with?reference?to?the?workings?of?the?mind.?psycholinguistics?心理语言学 ??psycholinguistics????? j.?the?application?of?linguistic?principles?and?theories?to?language?teaching?and?learning.?applied?linguistics?应用语言学 applied linguistics 1.3?语言学研究中的一些基本概念?some?important?distinctions?in?linguistics.????? 1.3.1?规定性和描述性??prescriptive?vs.? descriptive?? if?a?linguistic?study?describes?and?analyzes?the?language?people?actually?use;? 如果一种语言学的研究是对人们实际使用中