现在分词用法综述.pptVIP

分词时态、语态的用法 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词的一般式，如果是被动关系，要用过去分词。 1. _______(look) out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2.______ (see) from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, ________many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _________by many students.(follow) following followed Looking Seen 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要 用分词的进行时态。 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The building being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance. 如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework, Tom was made to stay at school . Having closed all the windows, I went home. Having been invited to the party, Tom was very happy . 独立主格结构 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词（不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 　　 The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 1．独立主格结构的形式： （1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. （2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good plan. （3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated. （4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. （5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. （6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner. 2．with + 复合宾语结构 这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。 （1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词 The brave man fought the tiger with a stick