Penetration into concrete by truncated projectiles.pdfVIP

International Journal of Impact Engineering 30 (2004) 447–464 Penetration into concrete by truncated projectiles Jan Arild Teland*, Henrik Sj^l Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O. Box 25, Kjeller N-2027, Norway Received 30 October 2000; received in revised form 1 June 2002; accepted 23 May 2003 Abstract In this paper, the penetration into semi-infinite concrete targets by rigid truncated projectiles is examined. The semi-analytical cavity expansion based penetration formula in Forrestal et al. (Int. J. Impact Eng. 15(4) (1994) 395) and Frew et al. (Int. J. Impact Eng. 21(6) (1998) 489) for ogive-nosed projectiles has earlier been seen to give good agreement with experiments. In Lixin et al. (Int. J. Impact Eng. 24 (2000) 947), this model was extended to truncated-nosed projectiles by introducing two additional empirical constants. In the present paper, Forrestal’s approach is expanded to include a larger class of projectile nose geometries, especially flat and truncated noses. The new theory presented here introduces no new empirical constants, and is seen to agree very well with the available experimental data. r 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Concrete; Penetration; Truncated nose 1. Introduction The semi-analytical formula for penetration of rigid projectiles into semi-infinite concrete targets given in [1,2] has in various experiments been shown to give good results for different concrete qualities [3]. However, the formula is only applicable for projectiles with ogive noses. An empirical approach at extending Forrestal’s formula to truncated ogive-nosed projectiles has recently been proposed by Lixin et al. [4]. This model, however, introduces two additional empirical constants and is only valid when the truncated part of the nose is less than 1 3 of the original nose length. In this article, a purely analytical approach is used to extend Forrestal’s formula to other projectile nose geometries, in particular all kinds of truncated n