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Synthesis and optical properties of anisotropic metal nanoparticle.pdf

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Synthesis and optical properties of anisotropic metal nanoparticle

P1: GAD Journal of Fluorescence [JOFL] pp1254-jofl-489228 June 10, 2004 16:12 Style file version 29 Aug, 2003 Journal of Fluorescence, Vol. 14, No. 4, July 2004 (?2004) Synthesis and Optical Properties of Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles Encai Hao, 1 George C. Schatz, 1,2 and Joseph T. Hupp 1 Received January 15, 2004; revised March 24, 2004; accepted March 24, 2004 In this paper we overview our recent studies of anisotropic noble metal (e.g. gold and silver) nanopar- ticles, in which a combination of theory and experiment has been used to elucidate the extinction spectra of the particles, as well as information related to their surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We used wet-chemical methods to generate several structurally well-defined nanostructures other than solid spheres, including silver nanodisks and triangular nanoprisms, and gold nanoshells and multipods. When solid spheres are transformed into one of these shapes, the surface plasmon reso- nances in these particles are strongly affected, typically red-shifting and even splitting into distinctive dipole and quadrupole plasmon modes. In parallel, we have developed computational electrodynam- ics methods based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method to determine the origins of these intriguing optical features. This has resulted in considerable insight concerning the variation of plasmon wavelength with nanoparticle size, shape and dielectric environment, as well as the use of these particles for optical sensing applications. KEY WORDS: Anisotropic metal nanoparticles; shape-dependent properties; discrete dipole approximation; surface plasmon resonances; electric field. INTRODUCTION Nanoscience and nanotechnology is an emerging and rapidly developing field that broadly encompasses the fun- damental understanding and resulting technological ad- vances arising from the exploitation of materials having at least one dimension at the nanometer length scale. The remarkable size-, surface-, and shape-depe