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TTG1-mediated flavonols biosynthesis alleviates root growth.pdf

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TTG1-mediated flavonols biosynthesis alleviates root growth

ORIGINAL PAPER TTG1-mediated flavonols biosynthesis alleviates root growth inhibition in response to ABA Hoai Nguyen Nguyen ? Jun Hyeok Kim ? Woo Young Hyun ? Ngoc Trinh Nguyen ? Suk-Whan Hong ? Hojoung Lee Received: 18 October 2012 / Revised: 4 December 2012 / Accepted: 12 December 2012 / Published online: 10 January 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Key message Our results demonstrate that the flavo- noids biosynthetic pathway can be effectively manipulated to confer enhanced plant root growth under water-stress conditions. Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of most important phytohormones. It functions in various processes during the plant lifecycle. Previous studies indicate that ABA has a negative effect on root growth and branching. Auxin is another key plant growth regulator that plays an essential role in plant growth and development. In contrast to ABA, auxin is a positive regulator of root growth and develop- ment at low concentrations. This study was performed to help understand whether flavonoids can suppress the effect of ABA on lateral root growth. The recessive TRANS- PARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (ttg1) mutant was character- ized on ABA and sucrose treatments. It was determined that auxin mobilization could be altered by modifying flavonoids biosynthesis, which resulted in alterations of root architecture in response to ABA treatment. Moreover, transgenic TTG1-overexpression (TTG1-OX) seedlings exhibited enhanced root length and lateral root number compared to wild-type seedlings grown under normal or stress conditions. Genetic manipulation of the flavonoids biosynthetic pathway could therefore be employed suc- cessfully for the improvement of plant root systems by overcoming the inhibition of ABA and some abiotic stresses. Keywords TTG1 ABA Flavonoids Anthocyanin Root growth inhibition Arabidopsis thaliana Introduction Plants are very susceptible to environmental challenges imposed by biotic and abiotic factors such as pathog