internet的历史 外文翻译 学位论文.doc

外文资料原文 The History of the Internet The Beginning - Arpanet The Internet started as a project by the US government. The object of the project was to create a means of communications between long distance points, in the event of a nation wide emergency or, more specifically, nuclear war. The project was called Arpanet, and it is what the Internet started as. Funded specifically for military communication, the engineers responsible for Arpanet had no idea of the possibilities of an Internet. By definition, an Internet is four or more computers connected by a network. Arpanet achieved its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP. The basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failed to get through on one route, it would find another route to work with, as well as establishing a means for one computer to talk to another computer, regardless of whether it was a PC or a Macintosh. By the 80s Arpanet, just years away from becoming the more well known Internet, had 200 computers. The Defense Department, satisfied with Arpanet’s results, decided to fully adopt it into service, and connected many military computers and resources into the network. Arpanet then had 562 computers on its network. By the year 1984, it had over 1000 computers on its network. In 1986 Arpanet (supposedly) shut down, but only the organization shut down, and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000 Computers. It shut down due to a failed link up with NSF, who wanted to connect its 5 countywide super computers into Arpanet. With the funding of NSF, new high speed lines were successfully installed at line speeds of 56k (a normal modem nowadays) through telephone lines in 1988. By that time, there were 28,174 computers on the (by then decided) Internet. In 1989 there were 80,000 computers on it. By 1989, there were 290,000. Another network was built to support the incredible number of people joining. It was constructed in 1992. Today - The Internet