[最新]英语语音基础知识.docVIP

英语语音基础知识 【前言】在近年江苏省初中英语听力口语自动化测试中，我市各县（市、区）考生在语音方面均有若干倾向性的错误，在朗读和陈述过程中则不能按《课程标准》要求做到正确的连读、失去爆破、停顿等。其产生原因包括部分教师自身知识的匮乏而难以对学生进行有效的指导。为改变这种现象，特在今年暑期培训中将英语语音列为专业培训内容。望初中英语教师在学习本内容时结合相关的录音材料进行自修，以提高自身业务素质。 ? 1．关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u 2)音标：词的语音形式。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 元音： 1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth 3)[e] bed, desk, head, 4)[??] bad, land, bank, stamp 5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) [? ]? hot, want 7) [??] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup, 9)[u] look, put, women, could 10)[??] cup, come, blood, rough 11)[???] girl, work, serve, nurse 12)[??] ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15)[?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16)[au] house, town 17)[??i] boy, oil 18)[i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19)[???] pear, care, there, fair 20)[u?] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [?] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4)[au] [??] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5)[au] [?] found fond; gown gone; down done 4. 辅音 1)[p] pen, 2)[b] bed, comb 3)[t] tell, 4)[d], day, played, wanted 5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6)[g] big, go, guess, language 7)[m] man 8)[n] nine, knife, autumn 9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing, 10)[l] land, world 11)[r] read, write, 12)[f] five, cough, laugh 13)[v] voice, of 14)[θ] think, 15)[e] this, bathe 16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)[z] zoo, close, 18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation 19)