1011上海1937：这是中国被遗忘的斯大林格勒1011预案.docVIP

上海1937：这是中国被遗忘的斯大林格勒张铁城张铁城 下载111 No.55参考消息2016/6/2被忘却的中国 ※美国《国家利益》双月刊：【第12版】※参考消息译文：【美国《国家利益》双月刊5月30日文章】题：上海1937：中国被忘却的斯大林格勒 Shanghai 1937: This Is China’s Forgotten Stalingrad上海1937，被遗忘的中国斯大林格勒保卫战。——翻译，梁佳龙Michael PeckMay 30, 2016In the summer of 1937, the “Pearl of the Orient” became a slaughterhouse. A million Chinese and Japanese soldiers engaged in savage urban combat in China’s coastal city of Shanghai.1937年夏天，素有“东方明珠”之称上海成为杀戮之城，共有100万中国军队和日本军队在这座沿海城市进行残酷的城市战争。Before the battle, Shanghai had been a thriving metropolis bustling with Western traders and missionaries, Chinese gangsters, workers and peasants and Japanese soldiers and businessmen.在战争开始前，上海已经是一个蓬勃发展的大都市，充斥着各式各样的西方商人、传教士、中国帮派、工人、农民以及日本士兵和日本商人。As many as 300,000 people died in the epic three-month struggle that pitted China’s best divisions against Japanese marines, tank, naval gunfire and aircraft.在这场反抗日本海军陆战队、坦克、大炮、军舰、战机的3个月浩劫中超过30万中国精锐部队牺牲。Yet even in China, few people remember the Battle of Shanghai, says Peter Harmsen, author of Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze. The clash receded beneath another horrific memory: the Rape of Nanking.《上海1937，长江之畔的斯大林格勒保卫战》作者皮特，哈穆森说道，目前即使在中国也很少有人会记起发生在上海的这场激烈战斗，人们更多记起的更加残酷的南京大屠杀。Shanghai “was one of 22 major battles of the Sino-Japanese War that are listed in official Chinese historiography,” Harmsen told War is Boring in an email. “Many Chinese have heard about the individual battles, but it’s mainly just specialists and military history buffs who actually remember when exactly they took place—and how and why.”上海是被中国官方教科书正式列为抗日战争中的22个主战场之一，哈穆森在邮件中写道。虽然很多中国人听说过这场战争中的个人英勇事迹，但只有那些真正的军史专家和泛黄的军装倾诉着这场战斗时间、原因及过程。It was an unfortunate confluence of forces that brought war to Shanghai in August 1937. China and Japan had been in limited conflict since 1931, when Japan invaded Manchuria in search of empire and raw materials. In 1937, Japan seized Beijing after the Marco Polo Bridge incident.错综复杂的原因使上海卷入1937年八月的战争，从1931年起到日本为了掠夺资源和扩充版图而侵略中国东北三省，中日之间一直为局