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Equilibration processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium
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SSRv manuscript No.
(will be inserted by the editor)
Equilibration processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic
Medium
A.M. Bykov · F.B.S. Paerels · V. Petrosian
Received: 17 September 2007; Accepted: 30 October 2007
Abstract The Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) is thought to contribute
about 40? 50 % to the baryonic budget at the present evolution stage of the universe.
The observed large scale structure is likely to be due to gravitational growth of density
fluctuations in the post-inflation era. The evolving cosmic web is governed by non-linear
gravitational growth of the initially weak density fluctuations in the dark energy dom-
inated cosmology. Non-linear structure formation, accretion and merging processes,
star forming and AGN activity produce gas shocks in the WHIM. Shock waves are
converting a fraction of the gravitation power to thermal and non-thermal emission
of baryonic/leptonic matter. They provide the most likely way to power the luminous
matter in the WHIM. The plasma shocks in the WHIM are expected to be collisionless.
Collisionless shocks produce a highly non-equilibrium state with anisotropic temper-
atures and a large differences in ion and electron temperatures. We discuss the ion
and electron heating by the collisionless shocks and then review the plasma processes
responsible for the Coulomb equilibration and collisional ionisation equilibrium of oxy-
gen ions in the WHIM. MHD-turbulence produced by the strong collisionless shocks
could provide a sizeable non-thermal contribution to the observed Doppler parameter
of the UV line spectra of the WHIM.
Keywords intergalactic medium · shock waves · galaxies: clusters: general
A.M. Bykov
A.F. Ioffe Institute of Physics and Technology, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
E-mail: byk@astro.ioffe.ru
F.B.S. Paerels
Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 West
120th Street, New York, NY 100
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