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Eutrophication of Lake Waters in China Cost, Causes, and Control
Eutrophication of Lake Waters in China: Cost, Causes,
and Control
C. Le ? Y. Zha ? Y. Li ? D. Sun ? H. Lu ? B. Yin
Received: 24 November 2008 / Accepted: 9 January 2010 / Published online: 23 February 2010
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
Abstract Lake water eutrophication has become one of
the most important factors impeding sustainable economic
development in China. Knowledge of the current status of
lake water eutrophicatoin and determination of its mecha-
nism are prerequisites to devising a sound solution to the
problem. Based on reviewing the literature, this paper
elaborates on the evolutional process and current state of
shallow inland lake water eutrophication in China. The
mechanism of lake water eutrophication is explored from
nutrient sources. In light of the identified mechanism
strategies are proposed to control and tackle lake water
eutrophication. This review reveals that water eutrophica-
tion in most lakes was initiated in the 1980s when the
national economy underwent rapid development. At pres-
ent, the problem of water eutrophication is still serious,
with frequent occurrence of damaging algal blooms, which
have disrupted the normal supply of drinking water in
shore cities. Each destructive bloom caused a direct eco-
nomic loss valued at billions of yuan. Nonpoint pollution
sources, namely, waste discharge from agricultural fields
and nutrients released from floor deposits, are identified as
the two major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Therefore, all control and rehabilitation measures of lake
water eutrophication should target these nutrient sources.
Biological measures are recommended to rehabilitate eu-
trophied lake waters and restore the lake ecosystem in
order to bring the problem under control.
Keywords Shallow lakes Water eutrophication
Mechanism Ecological restoration
China is a country with a large number of lakes in the
world. Those having an area over 1 km2 total 2759 in
quantity and 91,019 km2 in area, or 0.95%
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