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Longitudinal Mode Competition in Chirped Grating Distributed Feedback Lasers
1402 IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 35, NO. 10, OCTOBER 1999
Longitudinal Mode Competition in Chirped
Grating Distributed Feedback Lasers
Kim A. Winick, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—Gain competition often inhibits the simultaneous las-
ing of multiple longitudinal modes in homogeneously broadened
laser systems. A stability analysis is developed to demonstrate that
the two lowest order degenerate longitudinal modes in an index-
coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser will lase simultaneously
when the index grating is chirped asymmetrically along the
axis of the device. This chirped grating structure is shown
to decrease gain competition by reducing the spatial overlap
between the degenerate modes. Stable mode beating between
the two lowest order lasing modes results, and this beating
produces high-frequency output self-pulsations which can be
used for millimeter-wave and soliton pulse train generation.
An exact closed-form expression for the output intensity of an
antisymmetrically chirped index-coupled DFB laser, as a function
of the unsaturated gain, is also derived. The expression is valid
for arbitrary levels of gain saturation.
Index Terms— Chirped grating, distributed feedback (DFB)
laser, mode competition, waveguide laser.
I. INTRODUCTION
I
T IS WELL known that the two lowest order modes of
a uniform index-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser
are degenerate and symmetrically located about the grating
stopband [1]. Experimental results indicate that single-mode
operation of these devices is possible, though multimode
behavior is often observed. Zhang et al. explained these
observations by numerically solving the time-dependent DFB
laser coupled-mode equations in the presence of envelope
gain saturation and population-dependent refractive index vari-
ations [2]. Using a similar approach, Liao and Winful [3]
and Wake [4] recently predicted, theoretically, that an anti-
symmetrically chirped single-section DFB laser can undergo
sustained high-frequ
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