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More lead stars
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Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. newpaper February 2, 2008
(DOI: will be inserted by hand later)
More lead stars?
S. Van Eck1??, S. Goriely1???, A. Jorissen1???, and B. Plez2
1 Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Universite? Libre de Bruxelles, C.P. 226, Boulevard du Triomphe,
B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
2 GRAAL, Universite? de Montpellier II, cc 072, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Received date / Accepted date
Abstract. The standard model for the operation of the s-process in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars predicts
that low-metallicity ([Fe/H] ~ ? 1) AGB stars should exhibit large overabundances of Pb and Bi as compared
to other s-elements. The discovery of the first three such ‘lead stars’ (defined as stars enriched in s-elements with
[Pb/hs] ~ 1, hs being any of Ba, La or Ce) among CH stars has been reported in a previous paper (Van Eck
et al., Nature 2001, 412, 793). Five more CH stars (with [Fe/H] ranging from ?1.5 to ?2.5) are studied in the
present paper, and two of them appear to be enriched in lead (with [Pb/Ce]? 0.7). The Pb I line at λ4057.812 A?
is detected and clearly resolved thanks to high-resolution spectra (R = λ/?λ = 135 000). The abundances for
these two stars (HD 198269 and HD 201626) are consistent with the predictions for the s-process operating in low-
metallicity AGB stars as a consequence of the ‘partial mixing’ of protons below the convective hydrogen envelope.
Another two stars (HD 189711 and V Ari) add to a growing number of low-metallicity stars (also including LP
625-44 and LP 706-7, as reported by Aoki et al., 2001, ApJ 561, 346) which do not conform to these predictions,
however. Variations on the canonical proton-mixing scenario for the operation of the s-process in low-metallicity
stars, that could account for these discrepant stars, are briefly discussed.
Key words. Nucleosynthesis, nuclear reactions, abundances – Stars: carbon – Stars: evolut
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