被动语态终极版讲述.pptx

被动语态 导言： 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来， 只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。 一、被动语态的用法 1）不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 2）强调动作的承受者。 This book was written by him. 二、主变被解题步骤： 1 找宾语-------即动作的承受者 2 判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数 3 判断动词的时态-----即be动词的身体 4 修改谓语动词的时态-----即原句动词改为过去分词 5 修改原句的主语----即by+宾语。 时态 被动语态结构 一般现在时 am/is/are +done 一般过去时 was/were+done 现在进行时 am/is/are being+done 过去进行时 was/were being+done 一般将来时 shall/will be+done 过去将来时 would be +done 现在完成时 have/has/been+done 过去完成时 had been+done 情态动词 情态动词+be+done 三、主要时态的变换： 一、一般现在时 am/is/are +done We call the snowman Mr.white The snowman is called Mr.white We usually hear him play in the next room . He is usually heard to play in the next room. 一般将来时： 主语+be going to /will +be done 如：They are going to have an evening party tomorrow. An evening party are going to be had tomorrow. They will finish the work in ten days . The work will be finished by them in ten days . 现在进行时： 主语+am/is/are+being+done Some workers are painting the room now The room are being painted by some workers now . They are holding a sports meeting now A sports meeting are being held by them now . 现在/过去完成时： have/has/had been done. We have made twenty more keys. Twenty more keys have been made by us Workers have built the house since two years ago. The house has been built by the workers since two years ago 情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+done He can carry the basket easily The basket can be easily carried by him People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。 当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。 English is spoken almost all over the world. 1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换： 四、 主动句与被动句的转换 People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy. The boy is believed to be an honest one. 2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。 1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句； 在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例