The Vicissitude of Superman Beliefs in Jack London’s Novels.doc

The Vicissitude of Superman Beliefs in Jack London’s Novels Abstract: Jack London, whose life symbolized the power of will, was the most successful writer in America in the early 20th Century. His vigorous stories of men and animals against the environment, and survival against hardships were drawn mainly from his own experience, there appears many heroes like Buck in his books, people think that he was deeply affected by Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Superman, his superman exist in most of his books, and praise for it again and again. But it is not the true, read his works carefully, it’s easy to find that there is a vicissitude, his earlier works praise for superman, but latter, he change his attitude towards his superman. This paper, therefore, tries to analyze the vicissitude of the superman beliefs, and try to find out the reasons that make him change his attitude. Key words: Philosophy of Superman；tragedy of superman；comedy of superman； final despair 杰克?伦敦作品中超人理念的变迁研究 摘要：.杰克?伦敦, 是意志力量的象征, 他是20世纪初期美国最成功的作家。在他充满活力的作品中，常常会出现与恶劣的环境做斗争，面对生存的艰难不退缩的角色，这一切的素材和构想都主要是来自于自己的经验, 作品中出现许多象巴克这样的英雄角色。人们认为伦敦深受尼采的超人哲学的影响, 他的大多数的著作里都会出现他的超人, 他不停地，反复地称赞超人，完全沉迷于他的超人理念当中。但实际上并非如此, 仔细地读过他的作品, 很容易发现伦敦的作品里出现对超人理念的质疑, 他早期的作品里是有称赞超人, 但后来, 随着生活的变化，他改变他的对于超人理念的态度。本文设法分析伦敦对超人理念的变迁, 并设法发现使他改变态度的原因。 关键词：超人哲学; 超人悲剧；超人喜剧；最终绝望 Contents 1.Jack London’s life and his works……………………………………...1 2. Philosophy of Superman………………………………………………...2 2.1 Nietzsche’s philosophy of Superman…………………………………...2 2.2 London’s Philosophy of Superman…………………………………….2 3. The superdog in The Call of the Wild4 3. 1 The description of Buck—a symbol to sing high praise of the superman……………………………………………………………...4 3.2 The comedy of superman………………………………………7 4. The Sea Wolf—a compromise of the notion of superman8 4.1 Description of Wolf Larsen……………………………………………...9 4.2 Description of Van Weyden……………………………………………...10 5. Martin Eden—towards the final despair of superman philosophy 5.1 The Description of Martin Eden………………………………12