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CGRASS A System for Transforming Constraint Satisfaction Problems
CGRASS: A System for Transforming Constraint
Satisfaction Problems
Alan M. Frisch
1
and Ian Miguel
1
and Toby Walsh
2
Abstract. Experts at modelling constraint satisfaction problems
know that carefully-chosen transformations of a model can greatly
reduce the amount of effort that is required to solve the problem
by systematic search; consequently they invest considerable effort
in identifying useful transformations. Such transformations include
adding constraints that are implied by other constraints, adding con-
straints that eliminate symmetrical solutions to the problem, remov-
ing redundant constraints and replacing constraints with their logical
equivalents. This paper describes the CGRASS (Constraint Genera-
tion And Symmetry-breaking) system that can improve a problem
model by automatically performing transformations of these kinds.
The system architecture is based on, and extends, the techniques of
proof planning to guide the transformation process. We show how
modelling expertise can be effectively captured in the proof planning
methods that the system uses to transform the problem. We demon-
strate the utility of CGRASS on the Golomb ruler problem, a difficult
combinatorial problem with many real applications.
1 Introduction
Constraint satisfaction is a successful technology for tackling a wide
variety of search problems including resource allocation, transporta-
tion and scheduling. Constructing an effective model of a constraint
satisfaction problem (CSP) is, however, a challenging task as new
users typically lack specialized expertise. One difficulty is in identi-
fying transformations, which are sometimes complex, that can dra-
matically reduce the effort needed to solve the problem by systematic
search (see, for example, [8]). Such transformations include adding
constraints that are implied by other constraints in the problem,
adding constraints that eliminate symmetrical solutions to the prob-
lem, removing redundant constraints and replacing constra
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