Dynamical behavior in the.pdf

Physica A 310 (2002) 67–77 /locate/physa Dynamical behavior in the nonlinear-map model of an elevator Takashi Nagatani ? Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan Received 10 January 2002 Abstract The nonlinear-map model is presented to investigate the dynamical behavior of an elevator. The dynamics of a busy elevator is described by a nonlinear map of the recurrence time. The *xed points of the map determine the recurrence times at a steady state. The distinct dynamical states appear by varying ,oor number and in,ow rate of passengers. At critical points, the dynamical transitions occur among the distinct dynamical states: no queue, a queue of up passengers at the entrance, some queues of down passengers at some ,oors, and stopping at every ,oor. The basin of attraction determines the dependency of the dynamical transition on the initial values. c? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 05.70.Fh; 89.40.+k; 89.90.+n Keywords: Elevator; Phase transition; Nonlinear map; Dynamics 1. Introduction Recently, transportation problems have attracted considerable attention [1–4]. The tra=c ,ow, pedestrian ,ow, and bus-route problem have been studied from a point of view of statistical physics. The jams are a typical signature of the complex behavior of tra=c and pedestrian ,ows. The interesting dynamical phase transitions have been found in the transportation and pedestrian systems. The bus route dynamics is closely connected with the tra=c dynamics in one dimension [5–8]. The bus operation is a typical many-body system of interacting buses and passengers. The tra=c theory has been applied and extended to the bus route sys- tem. The bunching transition has been found in addition to the conventional jamming ? Fax: +81-53-4781048. E-mail address: tmtnaga@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp (T. Nagatani). 0378-4371/02/$ - see front matter c? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0378 -4371(02)00630 -1 68 T. Nagatani / Phy