MVT和SEDEX铅锌矿床1.pdf

Introduction to Sediment-Hosted Pb- Zn Deposits: Part 1: Overview and Comparison of MVT and SEDEX David Leach US Geological Survey Denver, Colorado dleach@ dleach5100@ /dleach5100-Public Pine Point, NWT Canada 沉积岩中赋存的铅锌矿 第一部分：MVT和SEDEX型矿床的概述和对比 Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn Ore 沉积岩中赋存的铅锌矿 SS-Pb MVT SEDEX BHT VMS Carbonate 碳酸盐 Siliciclastics 硅质碎屑岩 Mixed Clastics 混合碎屑岩 Sedimentary brines 沉积型盐水 Seawater 海水 Carbonate replacement 碳酸盐岩交代体 Distal skarns 远矽卡岩 Polymetallic veins 多金属脉 Not included: Fluorite dominated Pb-Zn 不包括：萤石为主的Pb-Zn矿 ―Take Home Points‖ 要点 ? IS MY DEPOSIT A MVT OR SEDEX? 怎么判断一个矿床是MVT型还是SEDEX型? ? LAMINATED OR SYNGENETIC TEXTURES CAN BE MISLEADING (MVT or SEDEX) 纹层状或同沉积结构构造不可靠（可能是MVT型也可能是SEDEX型） ? CARBONATE-HOSTED – MVT OR SEDEX OR SKARN OR POLYMETALIC REPLACEMENT 碳酸盐岩中赋存的矿床：可能是MVT型、SEDEX型、矽卡岩型或多金属交代型 ? TECTONIC SETTTING – THE FIRST AND MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION 大地构造背景 – 最先要考虑也是最重要的因素 ? BOTH FORM BY SIMILAR FLUIDS AT SIMILAR TEMPERATURES 形成两者的流体和温度相似 ? THE TECTONIC SETTING SETS THEM APART 大地构造背景将二者区分开来 ? SEDEX: MAINLY PASSIVE MARGINS OR PROTEROZIC RIFT/SAG BASINS SEDEX型：主要形成于被动大陆边缘或元古宙裂谷/下陷盆地中 ? MVT CARBONATE PLATFORM SEQUENCES IN PASSIVE MARGINS MVT型：被动大陆边缘的碳酸盐岩台地层序 ? SKARN OFTEN CONFUSED WITH MVT 矽卡岩型常被误认为是MVT型 SEDEX Definition SEDEX型的定义 ? Carne and Cathro (1982): Laminated, exhalative sulfides in fine-grained clastic, carbonate, and metasedimentary rocks. Carne and Cathro (1982)定义: 细粒碎屑岩、碳酸 盐岩和变质沉积岩中赋存的纹层状喷流成因硫化物 ? “Exhalative” component inherent in the term SEDEX 术语本身就说明喷流成因 ? Direct evidence of an exhalite not required – includes sub-seafloor systems. 不需要有喷流物或海底之下成矿体系存在的证据 . Assumed Age of mineralization “same” or “close to” age of host rocks 假定的矿化年龄与赋矿围岩的年龄相同或非常相似 Sedex = Clastic dominated Pb-Zn SEDEX = 碎屑状为主的铅锌矿 SEDEX Ore Textures SEDEX型矿石的结构构造 ? Typically fine-grained, laminated and strataform 典型矿石为细粒,纹层状或层状 ? May be sub-seafloor replacive 可能由海床下的交代作用形成 ? Variety of host rocks: shale, carbonate, coarse clastics 各种各样的