阿根廷页岩气提供给我们的水源管理经验及注意事项讲述.docx

原文：JPT2015-12 90 Water Management: Lessons Learned and Considerations for a Shale Play in Argentina 阿根廷页岩气提供给我们的水源管理经验及注意事项 摘要： Recently, exploration and development of shale plays in Argentina, such as the Vaca Muerta, have begun. To achieve commercial production, this type of reservoir must be stimulated by hydraulic fracturing using large volumes of water. This paper discusses aspects of water logistics necessary during the well-completion phase, fracture-treatment designs applied in Vaca Muerta, and laboratory studies performed on flowback and produced water to help evaluate the potential for water reuse. 近期阿根廷已经在Vaca Muerta等地开始勘探和开发页岩气。这种类型的储层想要实现商业化生产，必须使用大量的水进行水力压裂。本文从基本方面论述了完井阶段的水物流、应用于Vaca Muerta的压裂处理设计。同时介绍了压裂返排液和产出水实验室研究，可帮助评估水的循环使用额潜力。 Introduction 介绍 Well stimulation using hydraulic fracturing has been used widely for producing oil and gas reservoirs in Argentina since the 1960s. This stimulation technique has been applied in the five hydrocarbon producing basins shown in Fig. 1, as well as in a variety of formations and types of reservoirs, such as conventional, tight, and, more recently, shale. The majority of shale exploration and development has been in the Vaca Muerta formation, but work has also been assessed in other formations, such as Los Molles, Cacheuta, D-129, and Agrio. Experience gained related to water management in these shale plays during the completion of more than 40 wells （more than 200 hydraulic fractures） by different operators is presented in the paper. Furthermore, laboratory studies were conducted on treated and untreated flowback water, and assessment of its use as fracturing-fluid water is presented. 自60年代起，水力压裂增产措施已广泛应用于阿根廷的石油与天然气生产。这种增产技术已经应用于五个产油气盆地（图1所示），适用于多种储层和油藏类型，例如传统的轻质油以及近期的页岩气。大多数的页岩气勘探和开发都在Vaca Muerta气藏，但在其他区块也在进行评估，如Los Molles 、Cacheuta 、D-129和Agrio。本文提出了页岩气藏水资源管理的经验，这些经验来源于不同运营商的40多口井（200多个水力压裂裂缝）的完井阶段。此外，实验室研究对处理和未经处理的返排水做了了分析，评估其作为压裂液的可行性。 Water Sources and Stimulation 水资源和增产措施 Given the economic poten