非谓语动词精讲与精炼讲述.ppt

非谓语动词综合同步 不定式 动名词 分词 非谓语动词 1 非谓语动词的词性及句法功能 2 句法功能的区别 3 非谓语动词的形式 4 非谓语动词的复合结构 1. 词性： 词性 在句中成分 名 形 副 主 宾 表 宾补 定 状 不定式 分词 动名词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2. 句法功能的区别： 主语 动名词 不定式 In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. To write a science fiction is his wish. It’s dangerous to play/playing with fire. (1).两者作主语一般可以通用，意义没有多大差别。 (2). 不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是 表将来的一次行为；动名词常表示抽象的，一般 的行为。 It is no use _______(argue) with him about that. arguing 3. 在含有no, -less，常用动名词短语作主语。 Eg. It is no use doing….; It is useless doing… It is no good doing…; It is no help doing… It is fun doing… 表语 不定式 动名词 分词 The story is moving. A way of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal. My task this class is to teach you how to grasp the grammar. 现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，相当于形容词，因此 它前面可用very, quite 或表示比较意义的more, most 来 修饰；动名词作表语说明主语的内容，可以与句中的主语交换位置。由于动名词具有明显的名词特征，故不能用以上表示程度或比较意义的词修饰。不定式则表示某一次具体的行为，类似于作主语。 His hobby is playing football. Or: Playing football is his hobby. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 2. 动名词作表语时，该句的主语有很大的局限性，主要是job, work, task, duty, wish, happiness, 等；现在分词作表语时的主语范围广泛得多。 He The little baby The scientific novel To read a novel at the moment What he said is interesting. 宾语 动名词 不定式 根据习惯搭配和语义区分: 习惯接动名词作宾语的有：admit, allow, mind, finish, enjoy, doubt, escape, excuse, forgive, forbid, permit, understand, include, delay, avoid, risk, consider, practise, suggest, advise, miss, appreciate, imagine, keep, postpone put off, give up, insist on, be used to, look forward to, stick to, devote … to, be worth, see to; object to（反对）, pay attention to, get down to….. 习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, expect, promise, pretend, decide, manage, refuse, learn, agree, plan, offer, long, demand, help, manage, prepare, learn, determine, prefer, intend, etc. 动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕做某事 be afraid of doing 担心发生某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过了某事（已做） remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（未做） rem