!Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients.pdf

Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism T. Alp Ikizler1, Noel J. Cano2, Harold Franch3, Denis Fouque4, Jonathan Himmelfarb5, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh6, Martin K. Kuhlmann7, Peter Stenvinkel8, Pieter TerWee9, Daniel Teta10, Angela Yee-Moon Wang11 and Christoph Wanner12 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; 2CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 3Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 4Department of Nephrology, Hospital E.HERRIOT, Lyon, France; 5Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; 6Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; 7Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin Germany; 8Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; 9Department of Nephrology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 10Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; 11Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China and 12Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Protein energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, especially in individuals receiving maintenance dialysis therapy. A multitude of factors can affect the nutritional and metabolic status of CKD patients requiring a combination of therapeutic maneuvers to prevent or reverse protein and energy depletion. These include optimizing dietary nutrient intake,