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An introduction to cell motility for the physical scientist
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An introduction to cell motility for the physical scientist
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2004 Phys. Biol. 1 T1
(/1478-3975/1/1/T01)
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INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING PHYSICAL BIOLOGY
Phys. Biol. 1 (2004) T1–T10 PII: S1478-3967(04)70333-2
TUTORIAL
An introduction to cell motility for the
physical scientist
Daniel A Fletcher1 and Julie A Theriot2
1 Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
CA 94720, USA
2 Departments of Biochemistry and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Received 10 October 2003
Accepted for publication 11 December 2003
Published 12 February 2004
Online at /PhysBio/1/T1 (DOI: 10.1088/1478-3967/1/1/T01)
Abstract
Directed, purposeful movement is one of the qualities that we most closely associate with
living organisms, and essentially all known forms of life on this planet exhibit some type of
self-generated movement or motility. Even organisms that remain sessile most of the time, like
flowering plants and trees, are quite busy at the cellular level, with large organelles, including
chloroplasts, constantly racing around within cellular boundaries. Directed biological
movement requires that the cell be able to convert its abundant stores of chemical energy into
mechanical energy. Understanding how this mechanochemical energy transduction takes place
and understanding how small biological forces generated at the molecular level are marshaled
and organized for large-scale cellular or organismal movements are the focus of the field of
cell motility. This tutorial, aimed at readers with a background in physica
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