camera 及原理.pdf

camera 设计及原理 Table of Content camera 介绍System Architectures Sensor Image Processing Image Quality Test System Architectures Image Processing System U SB O utput Structure of CCM Sensor CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor )互补金属氧化物半导体 1. One charger one amplifier 2. Horizontal buffer 3. Sequence transfer 高集成可处理:自动增益控制 （AGC）、自动曝光控制 （AEC）、自动平衡（AMB）、 伽玛样正、背景补偿和自动黑 电平校正 ,同时有体积小、重 量轻、功耗低、集成度高、价 位低等优点 CCD (Charge Coupled Device )电荷偶合器 件 1. Final amplifier 2. Vertical and horizontal buffer 3. One time transfer CCD图像传感器由于灵敏度高、 噪声低,逐步成为图像传感器的 主流。但由于工艺上的原因,敏 感元件和信号处理电路不能集成 在同一芯片上,造成由CCD图像 传感器组装的摄像机体积大、功 耗大 CMOS vs. CCD HighLowCost LowHighNoise Same pixel number and same pixel size HighLowSensitivity CCD need high voltage driver HighLowPower consumption CCDCMOS Sensor Data Flow Raw Data YUV Data Image Signal Processor (ISP) Image Processing CMOS SENSOR Block Diagram SENSOR工作条件: a. 电源 b. Clock c. Reset d. I2C e. Power down DSP Block Diagram Test Item (1) Document No. Approved by: R/D: QA: MFG: Test Item NBD Resolution Center Difference No Needed Center 0.7 Field Blemish CAT Production Specification for XXX Product =2, the difference 30% 0, the difference 30%Wound Pixels White Pixels Center Block 13 - Blue Block 14 - Green Block 15 - Red Criteria for Customer 0.45 (6.8 mm/lp) , 200 cm 0.4 (6.8 mm/lp) , 200 cm =2, the difference 35% 0, the difference 30% 0, the difference 13% △E=6 (△E = sqrt(a^2+b^2)) Block 16 - Yellow Center Surrounding Product ID/Name Description 0, the difference 13% Corner Difference Surrounding Center Surrounding Test Item (2) ICT No short No open STDR=5 No Needed 7 gray level block (△L = 5) STDG=7 STDB=7 0.8 Field Center Offset 30%, (Lens correction disable) No Needed NBD Black Noise STDB=5 B R G B Gray Scale Noise Center and 0.7 field, △E=6 Ichia gray scale chart 0.7 Field Kodak gray scale chart STDG=5 STDR=7R G Center Bit0 ~ Bit7 Shading Color Bias Center NBD Test Condition Distance 180 CM 7 CM 3.5 CM Luminance Specifictio