Configurations of Rank-40r Extremal Even Unimodular Lattices (r=1,2,3).pdf

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2017-04-11 发布于江苏
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Configurations of Rank-40r Extremal Even Unimodular Lattices (r=1,2,3).pdf

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Configurations of Rank-40r Extremal Even Unimodular Lattices (r=1,2,3)

a r X i v : 0 7 1 0 .5 7 9 9 v 2 [ m a t h .N T ] 1 0 D e c 2 0 0 7 CONFIGURATIONS OF RANK-40r EXTREMAL EVEN UNIMODULAR LATTICES (r = 1, 2, 3) SCOTT DUKE KOMINERS AND ZACHARY ABEL Abstract. We show that if L is an extremal even unimodular lattice of rank 40r with r = 1, 2, 3 then L is generated by its vectors of norms 4r and 4r+2. Our result is an extension of Ozeki’s analogous result for the case r = 1. 1. Introduction A lattice of rank n is a free Z-module of rank n equipped with a positive-definite inner product (·, ·) : L × L → R. The dual of L, denoted L?, is the set L? = {y ∈ L ? R : ?x ∈ L, (x, y) ∈ Z} , which itself forms a lattice of the same rank as L. For a lattice vector x ∈ L, we call (x, x) the norm of x. A lattice L is integral if (x, x′) ∈ Z for all x, x′ ∈ L, i.e. if and only if L ? L?. An integral lattice is said to be unimodular if it is self-dual (L = L?). A lattice L is called even if and only if every lattice vector has an even integer norm, i.e. (x, x) ∈ 2Z for x ∈ L. An even lattice is automatically integral by the familiar parallelogram identity, 2 (x, x′) = (x + x′, x + x′)? (x, x) ? (x′, x′). Lattices that are simultaneously even and unimodular are especially rare. Indeed, such a lattice’s rank must be divisible by 8. Sloane proved that if L is an even unimodular lattice of rank n then the minimal (nonzero) norm in L is bounded by (1) min x∈L x 6=0 (x, x) ≤ 2?n/24?+ 2 (see [2, p. 194, Cor. 21]). An even unimodular lattice of rank n is called extremal if it attains the bound (1). Ozeki [6, 8] showed that if L is an extremal even unimodular lattice of rank 32 or 48 then L is generated by its vectors of minimal norm. The first author [5] showed analogous results for extremal even unimodular lattices of ranks 56, 72, and 96. In a similar vein, Ozeki [7] showed that if L is extremal even unimodular of rank 40, then L is generated by its vectors of norms 4 and 6. Here, we extend and slightly simplify Ozeki’s methods, recovering Ozeki’s r