e3-chap-04-extra.pptVIP

chapter 4 Paradigms (additional materials) Beginnings – Computing in 1945 Harvard Mark I Picture from http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv/indexmark.htm 55 feet long, 8 feet high, 5 tons Context - Computing in 1945 Ballistics calculations Physical switches (before microprocessor) Paper tape Simple arithmetic fixed calculations (before programs) 3 seconds to multiply Picture from http://www.gmcc.ab.ca/~supy/ Batch Processing Computer had one task, performed sequentially No “interaction” between operator and computer after starting the run Punch cards, tapes for input Serial operations People Who are the people associated with various interactive paradigm shifts? Other Resources Howard Rheingold – Tools for Thought History of interactive breakthroughs On-line at /texts/tft/ Innovator: Vannevar Bush “As We May Think” - 1945 Atlantic Monthly “…publication has been extended far beyond our present ability to make real use of the record.” Postulated Memex device Stores all records/articles/communications Items retrieved by indexing, keywords, cross references (now called hyperlinks) (Envisioned as microfilm, not computer) Interactive and nonlinear components are key /unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm More About Vannevar Bush Name rhymes with Beaver Faculty member MIT Coordinated WWII effort with 6000 US scientists Social contract for science federal government funds universities universities do basic research research helps economy national defense Innovator: J. R. Licklider 1960 - Postulated “man-computer symbiosis” Couple human brainsand computing machinestightly to revolutionizeinformation handling Innovator: Ivan Sutherland SketchPad - 1963 PhD thesis at MIT Hierarchy - pictures subpictures Master picture with instances (ie, OOP) Constraints Icons Copying Light pen input device Recursive operations Innovator: Douglas Englebart Landmark system/demo: hierarchical hypertext, multimedia, mouse, high-res display, windows, shared files, electro