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HighPerformanceAge-HardenableNickelAlloysSolveProblemsinSourOil
High Performance Age-Hardenable Nickel Alloys Solve
Problems in Sour Oil and Gas Service
S. A. McCoy.
Special Metals Wiggin Ltd
Holmer Road
Hereford, UK
B. C. Puckett E. L. Hibner
Special Metals Corporation
Huntington, WV
USA
INTRODUCTION
The new frontier of oil and gas exploration will be with deep wells, particularly in deepwater. Most
of the “easy-to-pick” fruit have been taken with shallow field development. Compared to shallow
wells, deep wells generally require more high-performance, nickel-base alloys. Wells are
categorized as being either “sweet” or “sour.” Sweet wells are only mildly corrosive, while sour
wells are very corrosive. Sour wells can contain hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, chlorides, and
free sulfur. There are different levels of corrosive conditions that are compounded by temperatures
up to 500F (260C) and pressures up to 25,000 psi (172 MPa). Deep wells generally have higher
temperatures and pressures. Material selection is especially critical for sour gas wells. The materials
of choice must be corrosion-resistant, cost-effective, reliable, and have the required strength for the
well conditions. As these conditions become more severe, material selection changes from carbon
steels for “sweet” wells, to duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel, to INCOLOY alloys 825 or
925?, to INCONEL alloys 725HS and 725? for sour well service. The limiting chemical
compositions of the nickel-base alloys are displayed in Table 1.
Table 1. Limiting Chemical Composition (Weight %) of Nickel-Base Alloys.
Alloy
(UNS No.)
Ni Cr Mo Cu Co Al Ti Fe Other
INCONEL alloy C-276
(N10276)
Balance 14.5–
16.5
15.0 –
17.0
- 2.5
max
- - 4.0–7.0 W, 3.0
– 4.5
INCONEL alloy 718
(N07718)
50.0–
55.0
17.0–
21.0
2.80 –
3.30
- 0.2 –
0.8
0.65 –
1.15
Bal. Nb,
4.75 –
5.50
INCONEL alloys 725
725HS
(N07725)
55.0–
59.0
19.0–
22.5
7.0 –
9.5
- - 0.35
max.
1.00 –
1.70
Bal. Nb,
2.75 –
4.0
MONEL alloy K-500
(N05500)
63.0–
70.0
- - Bal. - 2.03 –
3.15
0.35 –
0.85
2.0
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