Liquid-like phases of pi^+pi^- matter.pdfVIP

a r X i v : n u c l - t h / 0 6 1 1 0 4 0 v 1 1 1 N o v 2 0 0 6 LIQUID-LIKE PHASES OF π+π? MATTER D.V. Anchishkin? and A.V. Nazarenko? Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, 14-b, Metrologichna Str., Kiev 03143, Ukraine (Dated: February 9, 2008) To give a common theoretical description of liquid phases of the charged pion matter in a wide temperature interval, the relativistic quantum ?6 type model is considered. The liquid states of pion condensate and hot pion matter are investigated. PACS numbers: 21.30.Fe, 13.75.Lb, 03.75.Hh, 64.70.-p INTRODUCTION The possibility to observe the pion condensate in heavy-ion collisions had served as a subject of theoret- ical and experimental investigations during last decades. This condensed state is often imaged like multipion droplets or/and pion liquid. The pion condensate is also a necessary component of neutron stars. The theoretical description of pion condensate is usually given within the framework of phenomenological models leading to the ?4 type self-interaction between pionic degrees of freedom (see, for example, [1, 2, 3]). Since the pions are the Goldstone bosons for sponta- neously broken chiral symmetry, a realistic description of pion subsystem can only be achieved on the basis of a model respecting chiral symmetry. However, if the pion matter is at the temperature much lower than the tem- perature of the chiral phase transion (Tχ ≈ 150 MeV), a chiral perturbation theory is applicable. Using per- turbation scheme, we would like to point out the gen- eral property of the chiral models, namely, in third- order approximation they result in an attractive two- body interaction (associated with ?4 term) and three- body repulsive interaction (associated with ?6 term). To demonstrate it, we appeal to the Skyrme [4] and Wein- berg [5] models, where interactions can be presented as VSkyrme(ν) ≡ ?f2πm2Tr(U + U ? ? 2)/4 = f2πm2(ν2/2! ? ν4/4! + ν6/6! ? . . .) and VWeinberg(ν) ≡ f2πm2ν2/(2 + ν2/2) = f2πm 2(ν2/2 ? ν4