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Novel Designs for Efficient Broadband Frequency Doublers.pdf

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Novel Designs for Efficient Broadband Frequency Doublers

IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 187 Novel Designs for Efficient Broadband Frequency Doublers Using Singly Pump-Resonant Waveguide and Engineered Chirped Gratings Amirhossein Tehranchi, Student Member, IEEE, and Raman Kashyap, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Novel engineered step-chirped gratings (SCG) for broadband frequency doublers based on quasi-phase matched second harmonic generation with and without singly pump-res- onance in lithium niobate waveguides have been theoretically modeled and simulated taking pump depletion into account, for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown that apodized SCGs flatten the conversion bandwidth which can be improved exten- sively with apodization ratio. Also, it is demonstrated numerically for an ASCG that by means of singly pump-resonant waveguide, the conversion efficiency of quasi-continuous waves shown with the envelope of responses increases substantially especially for low loss. The optimized values of back facet reflectivity and input power to achieve the maximum efficiency, for several waveguide loss parameters have also been calculated. Furthermore, the ASCG structure may provide a more convenient method for fabrication and poling as it increases the chirp period and duty cycle. Index Terms—Chirped gratings, conversion bandwidth, conver- sion efficiency, frequency doubler, pump resonance, quasi-phase matching (QPM). I. INTRODUCTION I N RECENT YEARS, there has been increasing interestin broadband frequency converters based on nonlinear optics (NLO) in quasi-phase matched (QPM) waveguides because the conversion can be done in different bands within the transparency region of the medium by suitable design of the aperiodic nonlinearity. Built in QPM poled LiNbO waveguides, frequency converters have attracted consider- able attention recently because of their excellent properties, having been extensively studied and found to have numerous applications in optical communications, optical i