05—03—15—用能力测验代替“不超刚的考试”.docVIP

用能力测验代替“不超刚的考试” ——论在考试行政中政府应该做什么并且怎么做（三） 华东师范大学 葛大汇 Substituting the examination of competence for the unproportionate test －－What and how the government should do in the process of administrating the exam (Ⅲ) East China Normal University Ge dahui 摘要：有利于中学推行“素质教育”的措施是用“学能考试”替代“所谓不超纲的学业成就考试”；就目前的国情，不能启用“多元化或多种类考试”，这只会促使家长不放弃任何一种考试。 正如前述，在测量上，我国近年来的改革基本上是失败的，因为它没有解决制度的问题。我国的生源市场是极大的，高等教育供不应求，被计划死死地垄断着，所以，无论是高考、会考的设计，还是 3+1、2或X的科目选择，还是今天的综合测试，本质上都是基于学科的学业成就考试，都不会改变应试竞争的状态。而所谓多元评价或多次机会的改革，也不会改变一考定终身的状态。显而易见，高等教育的总量不变，只是在范围上搞全科的或科目组合的，在次数上搞一次的或多次的，当然是风马牛不相及的。真正的无法复习的考试就是“学能测验”，当然编制学能测验的成本是很高的。 关键词：不超纲的学业成就考试 学能考试 Abstract: The effective measure to carry out the ability oriented education is to substituting the examination of competence for the so-called unproportionate test of studies achievement. According to the current situation in China, we still cannot apply the diversionary or multiple examinations, this will force the parents not to give up any kind of exam. As above-mentioned, in the survey aspect, the reformations in the last few years almost were failure, because they haven’t solved the problem in system. The source of students in China is huge, however, the supply of high education which is monopolized by the arrangement falls short of demand. As a result, no only the design of university (or college) entrance examination and area-wide student examination, but also the subject choices such as “3+1(+2……..x)” or the comprehensive test, in essence, all of them are test of studies achievement based on the subjects, they aren’t be able to change the condition of competition in exam. Meanwhile the so-called multi-evaluation or multi-opportunity reformation can’t change the status of test deciding the lifelong. Obviously, not changing the total quantity of university (or college) entrance examination, but combining the subject in the scope and repeating, these things are entirely unrelated. The authentic test which cannot review is the examination of competence,