子句和片语.doc

「子句」和「片語」的種類與功用 一次就知道了「子句」和「片語」的所有種類與功能，再長的句子也不怕。 子句：大句子中的小句子，即稱為「子句」，子句中一定要有主詞與動詞。 一. 子句的種類： 子句依其在句中和其他子句的關係，可分成：(一)對等子句 (二)從屬子句 (三)主要子句。 (一) 對等子句：(1) 各子句之間的關係是相等的，沒有主、從之分。 (2) 對等子句要用對等連接詞(and, but, or等)連接。 Birds can make different sounds, and each has its own meaning. * (二) 從屬子句：由從屬連接詞帶領，在句子裡只相當於某一詞類(n., adj., 或adv.)的作用，無法單獨成立。分為下列三種： 1. 名詞子句：(1)在句子裡，相當於名詞作用的子句。(亦即可當S, O, SC,同位語等) (2)常見的名詞子句連接詞有that, whether, if, wh-字等。 (1) 連接詞that That the earth is round is true. *當S的that子句，that不可省 I don’t know that the earth is round. The truth is that the earth is round. Everybody knows the fact that the earth is round. (2) whether, if Whether he will come is not known. I don’t know whether he will come. The question is whether he will come. (3) wh-字 What you are thinking about is none of my business. Don‘t tell other people where you are going. The problem is how we should do it. 2. 形容詞子句(關係子句)：在句子裡，相當於形容詞作用的子句。由關係代名詞或關係副詞帶領。 We have something you don’t know. Do you know the apartment where he lives? 3. 副詞子句：在句子裡，相當於副詞作用的子句。副詞子句可表示原因、時間、結果、讓步、條件、目的、、、等意義。 原因：I choose this school because it is the best. 時間：As time went by, we made more and more progress. 結果：He is so smart that we can’t beat him. 讓步：Although he told the truth, nobody trusted him. 條件：I will marry you if you give me a diamond ring. 目的：We climbed higher in order that we could see farther. (三) 主要子句：以上除從屬子句(前面有連接詞的那個子句)外，句子的主體子句。 二. 同一個子句在不同句子中的不同作用 1. I knew where I could find him. 我知道能在哪裡找到他 Vt. n子句(當O.) 2. I went to the place where I could find him. 我到能找到他的地方去了 先行詞 adj子句 (修飾the place) 3. I went where I could find him. 我到能找到他的地方去了 Vi. adv子句 (修飾went)