第5章osi层次传输层题材.ppt

OSI Layer 4:Transport Layer;OSI Layer 4: Transport Layer;Layer 4 performs multiple functions: segmenting upper-layer application data establishing end-to-end operations sending segments from one end host to another Flow control and reliability can be compared to talking to a foreigner. Often you would ask the foreigner to repeat his/her words (reliability) and to speak slowly (flow control); Two particularly important Layer 4 protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP);Divide outgoing messages into segments Reassemble messages at the destination station TCP : reliable Connection -oriented Software checking for segment Re-send anything lost or error Uses acknowledgments Provides flow control UDP: unreliable connectionless provides no software checking for segment uses no acknowledgments provides no flow control ; Both TCP and UDP use port to keep track of different conversations that cross the network at the same time Application software developers have agreed to use the well-known port numbers that are defined in RFC1700 Port numbers below 255 are reserved for TCP and UDP public applications. ;Socket is presented as (IP_address, port) Every connection is expressed as (socketsource, socketdestination), which is a point-to-point full-duplex channel Does not support multicast and broadcast;Layer 4: The Transport Layer;TCP Service Model;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP 首部;TCP Protocol;Reliable Connection? ;TCP: Establish Connection;SYN = 1, seq = x;SYN = 1, seq = x;SYN = 1, seq = x;;Example: Establish Connection;Data transfer——stop-and-wait protocol;Data transfer——stop-and-wait protocol;Data transfer——Lost ACK and Late ACK;Reliable Communication;;;FIN = 1, seq = u;;FIN = 1, seq = u;;Why must wait for 2MSL?;TCP的有限状态机 ;Layer 4: The Transport Layer;UDP (User Datagram Protocol);UDP (User Datagram Protocol);UDP (User Datagram Protocol);L