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10 Introduction of Programmable Controllers From a simple heritage, these remarkable systems have evolved to not only replace electromechanical devices, but to solve an ever-increasing array of control problems in both process and nonprocess industries. By all indications, these microprocessor powered giants will continue to break new ground开辟新天地 in the automated factory into the 1990s. 10. 1 HISTORY In the 1960s, electromechanical devices were the order of the day风尚 as far as control was concerned. These devices, commonly known as relays, were being used by the thousands to control many se