王雅婷《水电站电气一次及发电机继电保护》课稿.doc

摘 要 随着我国经济的不断发展，对能源的需求量也越来越大，然而能源的不足与需求之间的矛盾在近几年不断恶化，国家急需电力事业的发展，为我国经济的发展提供保障。就我国目前的电力能源结构来看，我国主要是以火电为主，但是火电由于运行过程中污染大，在煤炭价格高涨的今天，火电的运行成本也较高，受锅炉和其他火电厂用电设备的影响，其资源利用率较低，一般热效率只有30%-50%左右。与之相比水电就有很多明显的优势。电力系统， 由发电、变电、输电、配电和用电等环节组成的电能生产与消费系统。它的功能是将自然界的一次能源通过发电动力装置(主要包括锅炉、汽轮机、发电机及电厂辅助生产系统等)转化成电能，再经输、变电系统及配电系统将电能供应到各负荷中心。由于电源点与负荷中心多数处于不同地区，也无法大量储存，电能生产必须时刻保持与消费平衡。因此，电能的集中开发与分散使用，以及电能的连续供应与负荷的随机变化，就制约了电力系统的结构和运行。因此，关于电力系统水电站设计方面的论文研究就显得格外重要。通过本论文的研究，可以使直岗拉卡水电站安全可靠的在系统中运行，保证其持续可靠的供电。 关键词：能源 电力能源 火电 电力系统水电站 ABSTRACT With the continuous development of Chinas economy, the demand for energy is also growing, but the contradiction between the shortage and energy demand continues to deteriorate in recent years, the development of country is badly in need of the electric power industry, to provide protection for the development of Chinas economy. The power energy structure of our country nowadays, our country is mainly dominated by thermal power, but power due to pollution in the process of operation, the coal price is high today, the operation cost of thermal power is high, affected by the thermal power plant boiler and other electrical equipment, the low utilization rate of resources, only the general thermal efficiency about 30%-50%. Compared with hydropower, there are many obvious advantages. Power system, which is composed of power generation, power generation, transmission, distribution and power consumption, and so on. It is the function of the nature of this energy by generating power plant (including boiler, steam turbine, generator and power plant auxiliary production system) into electricity, then the substation and distribution system will supply power to the load center. Because the power point and the load center are in different regions, and can not be stored in a large amount, the electric energy production must be kept in balance with the consumption. Therefore, the power of the centralized development and decentralized use, as well as the continu