Computer modeling and simulation of solid-state sintering.pdf

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Computer modeling and simulation of solid-state sintering.pdf

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Computer modeling and simulation of solid-state sintering

Acta Materialia 54 (2006) 953–961Computer modeling and simulation of solid-state sintering: A phase field approach Yu U. Wang * Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 211A Holden Hall (0237), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Received 6 August 2005; accepted 7 October 2005 Available online 9 December 2005Abstract A phase field model of solid-state sintering is developed. The model treats multiple concurrent physical processes, i.e., rigid-body translation and rotation of powder particles, grain growth through boundary migration, and various diffusion mechanisms including surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion, volume diffusion, and vapor transport through evaporation and condensation. The approach of centers of particles through rigid-body motions plays a key role in the densification of sintered powder compacts. The effective treat- ment of particle translation and rotation in phase field formalism is a necessary and critical step in developing a phase field sintering model. A scheme of particle translation and rotation is formulated based on a new formula of grain boundary force. The rigid-body motion modifies both the Cahn–Hilliard nonlinear diffusion equation and the Ginzburg–Landau (Allen–Cahn) structural relaxation equation by introducing advection terms. Computer simulations are presented. 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Phase field model; Sintering; Diffusion; Grain boundary migration; Microstructure1. Introduction Sintering is one of the most important materials process- ing techniques. Modern sintering technology has tremen- dous importance in the powder metallurgy and ceramics industry [1]. Recently, sintering has been used to fabricate multiferroic/magnetoelectric composites [2–5]. Nanopow- der sintering has become one of the primary processing routes to nanocrystalline materials [6]. Sintering is also related to other manufacturing processes, e.g., con- strained-film sintering