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Invariant densities of delayed maps in the limit of large time delay.pdf

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Invariant densities of delayed maps in the limit of large time delay

Invariant densities of delayed maps in the limit of large time delay E. Ferretti Manffra1)?, W. Just2)??, H. Kantz1) 1)Max-Planck-Institut fu?r Physik komplexer Systeme No?thnitzer Str. 38,01187 Dresden, Germany 2)Institut fu?r Physik, TU–Chemnitz, D–09107 Chemnitz, Germany (October 10, 2001) Abstract The marginal invariant density of chaotic attractors of scalar systems with time delayed feedback has an asymptotic form in the limit of large delay. It is well known that the dimension and the entropy of such attractors obey inter- esting scaling laws in this limit, but very few has been said about properties of the invariant density. We present general considerations, detailed analytical results in low order perturbation theory for a particular model, and numer- ics for the understanding the asymptotic behaviour of the projections of the invariant density. Our approach clarifies how the analytical properties of the model determine the behaviour of the marginal invariant densities for large delay times. PACS number(s): 05.45.-a, 05.45.Jn, 02.30.Ks ?e–mail: elis@mpipks-dresden.mpg.de ?e–mail: wolfram.just@physik.tu-chmenitz.de ?permanent address: Queen Mary, University of London, London E14NS, UK 1 I. INTRODUCTION Dynamical systems with a retarded feedback appear in many different situations in nature and technology like physiology [1,2], biology [3], laser physics [4], economy [5]. Such systems are usually modelled by delayed differential equations (DDE’s) of the form: x? = F (x(t), x(t? τ )) (1) Apart from its relevance to applied sciences, the system (1) has also interesting theoretical features: The phase space of eq.(1) is infinite dimensional and high dimensional chaotic attractors may appear [6]. This is indeed a nice example of a simple system that can show high dimensional chaotic attractors. The dynamical behaviour of a given model of the type (1) depends, for small values of τ , typically in a very complicated way on τ . However, there is ample evidence that