MBSDLecture 2015- Digital Number Systems.pdfVIP

1Advanced Model-Based-System Design Lecture 15: Number Systems Outline ? Binary ? Hexadecimal M tl b F ti 2 ? a a unc ons ? Unsigned Integers ? Signed Integers ? Floating Point Numbers Copyright 2009 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. 2Number Systems ? There are two kinds of engineers in this world 3 – Those who know binary and those who don’t. – That was a joke. – If you don’t know binary, you probably didn’t get it. ? This section is for the engineers that didn’t get it. Base 10 ? Most of us are familiar with base 10 number systems. ? Valid digits are 0 through 9 (Hey! There 4 are 10 values!) ? The base is also referred to as the radix. ? An example is: 0123 1041081031077384 ×+×+×+×= Radix = 10 Radix = 10 Copyright 2009 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. 3Binary ? Binary uses a radix of 2. ? Valid values of a digit are 0 and 1. 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )01234 202121202110110 ×+×+×+×+×= Radix = 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 22021418016110110 =+×+×+×+×= Binary 6 10110 0’s place 2’s place 4’s place 8’s place16’s place Copyright 2009 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. 4Binary ? Historically and physically our choice of 0 and 1 for a binary digit comes from: – Switches which can be on or off 7 . – Digital logic circuits that produce either a low voltage or a high voltage. ? Typical 5 V logic circuits – Low = logic 0 Voltage from 0 to 0.8 Volts. – High = Logic 1 Voltage from 3.4 to 5 Volts. ? Synonyms – 1 = logic 1 = “high” = “True” – 0 = logic 0 = “low” = “False” Terminology ? A single binary digit is referred to as a bit. ? A group of 4 binary digits is referred to as a nibble (1011 1110) is two nibbles 8 . . ? A group of 8 binary digits is referred to as a byte is one byte. ? 1k (for digital guys) is 210 = 1024 ? 1M (for digital guys) is 1k * 1k = 210 *210= 1048576. Copyright 2009 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. 5Hexadecimal – Radix = 16 ? We will be dealing with long strings of bits. ? It is convenient to g