外文翻译压缩机，泵，制冷工程学位论文.docVIP

Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol. 40, Nos. 11–12, 2004 COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, REFRIGERATION ENGINEERING UPDATING PISTON PUMPS FOR OIL PRODUCTION B. S. Zakharov,1 G. N. Sharikov,2 and E. G. Kormishin2 The three-plunger acid treatment pump SIN32 and the two-cylinder double-acting pump NPTs-32 with four working chambers (for cementing units) have been updated to control pump delivery. The fluid delivery diagrams for pumps of various designs are examined and the test results are reported. In drilling and oil production, single-acting three-plunger (triplex) pumps or double-acting two-cylinder (duplex) pumps are used. In injecting reagents (clay drilling mud, water, cement, acid, etc.) into wells, depending on the technology applied，it is required to inject the fluid in amounts ranging from the maximum to the minimum in a single operation. If the bed accepts the injected fluid well, it becomes necessary to maximize pump delivery for quick completion of the operation. If on the other hand, the bed does not accept the fluid well, it becomes necessary to reduce pump delivery so as to restrict the injection pressure to the safe limit. At present, because of wear of well (down-hole) equipment, the permissible injection pressure is not higher than 10–15 MPa.. The delivery of a piston (reciprocating) or a plunger (displacement) type of pump can be controlled in the following ways: ? by installing several pumps with identical or different pumping capacities; ? by changing the drive rotation speed; ? by using cylinders (plungers) of the required size; ? by channeling a part of the fluid into a bypass; and ? by dismounting one or several valves. The first version is used essentially in drilling. In oil production, generally all versions are used either individually or in some combination. All pumping units designed for injection of various fluids (fluidal materials) for cementing, hydraulic formation fracturing, hydraulic sand-jet flushing of sand bridge