05西方翻译名家-纽马克(语言学派).pptx

Peter Newmark Peter Newmark (1916) is an accomplished translation scholar as well as an experienced translator. He has translated a number of books and articles and published extensively on translation. 彼得·纽马克（Peter Newmark, 1916--2011），英国翻译理论学家，交际翻译与语义翻译的创始人。生于1916年，纽马克是英国著名的翻译家和翻译理论家。他从事过多种欧洲语言的翻译工作，是出色的译者和编辑。 《翻译教程》 (A Textbook of Translation,1988) 《翻译问题探索》 (Approaches to Translation,1981) 《翻译论》(AboutTranslation,1991) 《翻译短评》 (Paragraphs on Translation,1993) 纽马克代表作 In his work Approaches to Translation《翻译问题探索》, Newmark proposes two types of translation: semantic translation语义翻译 and communicative translation交际翻译. Semantic Translation 语义翻译重视的是原文的形式和原作者的原意，而不是目的语语境及其表达方式，更不是要把译文变为目的语文化情境中之物。由于语义翻译把原文的一词一句视为神圣，因此有时会产生前后矛盾、语义含糊甚至是错误的译文。语义翻译通常适用于文学、科技文献和其他视原文语言与内容同等重要的语篇体裁。 Semantic translation语义翻译 focuses primarily upon the semantic content of the source text whereas communicative translation focuses essentially upon the comprehension and response of receptors. Newmarks admits communicative translation is a common method and could be used in many types of translation. Nevertheless, he justifies the legitimacy of semantic translation in the following three aspects. Communicative Translation Firstly, all translations depend on the three dichotomies, namely, the foreign and native cultures, the two languages, the writer and the translator.Hence, it is unlikely to have a universal theory that could include all these factors. Secondly, previous discussions on methods of translation does not reflect the actual reality of translation method. Thirdly, the social factors, especially the readers of the second language, only play a partial in translation.Some texts, such as an expressive one, require a semantic translation. THANKS