Chapter20DesignofSprings选编.ppt

旋绕比(或称弹簧指数spring index), C=D2/d ——是最重要的参数之一。弹簧指数愈小，其刚度愈大，弹簧愈硬，弹簧内外侧的应力相差愈大，材料利用率低；反之弹簧愈软。常用弹簧指数的选取参见表20.4。 4~6 4~8 4~10 5~10 5~12 7~14 C 18~40 7~16 2.5~6 1.1~2.2 0.5~1 0.2~0.4 弹簧丝直径 d/mm 弹簧的中径、内径和外径可用弹簧指数C表示： A variety of end treatments or Types of ends—— Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs (1) Plain ends coiled right-hand. Plain end, right hand. Both ends plain. The ends are the same as if a long spring had been cut into sections. Plain ends ground. A variety of end treatments or Types of ends—— Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs Both ends plain. ——The end coils are deformed to a zero-degree helix angle. ——The end coil is collapsed against the adjacent coil (squared). Squared or closed ends, not ground. (端部并紧不磨平) Both ends squared. Squared and ground ends. Both ends squared and ground. ——The end turns are squared and then ground perpendicular to the helix axis. A variety of end treatments or Types of ends—— Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs Both ends plain. Closed and ground ends. 端部并紧磨平 弹簧圈数(number of coils)—— Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs 弹簧两端与弹簧座相接触的部分，不参加弹簧变形，其端部应垂直于弹簧轴线。 支承圈(bearing coils) n?——死圈(dead turns), inactive end coils 两端死圈各有n?=3/4(0.75)～5/4(1.25)圈，具体与端部形式有关，一般n?=(0.75，1，1.25)圈。 Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs 两种常用端部形式——GB 两端并紧并磨平 (Both ends closed and ground) 两端并紧不磨平 (closed ends, not ground) 重要场合应采用并紧磨平端。死圈的磨平长度应不小于1/4圈，末端厚度应≈0.25d。 Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs 弹簧工作圈数n ——有效圈数(number of active coils) 为了保证弹簧具有稳定的性能，通常弹簧的有效圈数最少为2圈。 弹簧总圈数(total number of coils) n0—— 总圈数的尾数宜取1/4、1/2或整圈数。 n0与n、 n?间的关系——与端部形式有关 Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs D D2 d t H0 D1 ? ? 弹簧节距(pitch) t —— 按下式取 ?max——弹簧的最大变形量； ?——最大变形时相邻两弹簧丝间的最小距离，一般不小于0.1d。 弹簧钢丝间距(coil clearance or space between adjacent coils)—— Cylindrical Helical Compression Springs D D2 d t H0 D1 ? ? 弹簧的自由长度(free length) —— Both ends closed and ground 两端并紧磨平 Closed ends, not ground 两端并紧不磨平 弹簧螺旋升角(pitch angle)—— 通常取?=5~9? 弹簧丝材料的长度(entire le