深基坑开挖-土的力学行为讲解.pptx

2 Basic properties and mechanicalcharacteristics of soils;2.1 Intruduction;soil;2.2 Grain-Size Distribution;sieve analysis;the uniformity coefficient :Cu the coefficient of gradation, coefficient of curvature:Cc ;Hydrometer Analysis;;Application of particle size distribution soil;Example result;;14;15;16;17;18;19;Several organizations have attempted to develop the size limits for gravel, sand, silt, and clay on the basis of the grain sizes present in soils. ;;Calculated physical indexes;Moist unit weight、Dry unit weight and The saturated unit weight are: ;24;25;26;2.5 Relative Density;Dr≤0.2; The moisture content, in percent, at which the soil changes from a liquid to a plastic state is defined as the liquid limit (LL). Similarly, the moisture content, in percent, at which the soil changes from a plastic to a semisolid state and from a semisolid to a solid state are defined as the plastic limit (PL) and the shrinkage limit (SL), respectively. These limits are referred to as Atterberg limits; The difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit of a soil is defined as the plasticity index (PI), or The plastic index indicates the water content range in which cohesive soil has the properties of a plastic material. ; The relative consistency of a cohesive soil in the natural state can be defined by a ratio called the liquidity index, which is given by It indicates the stiff state of soil ;2.9 Soil Classification Systems;the Unified Soil Classification System;3 Basic properties and mechanicalcharacteristics of soils(2);3.1 Concept of effective stresses The principle of effective stress is one of the most important theories in soil mechanics since soil behaviors are highly related to it. In this book, drained/undrained shear strength, lateral earth pressure, and soil deformation are all explained in terms of effective stress. Considering its importance, this section will expound its basic concept though it is normally introduced in textbooks on soil