北京北运河水系水质污染特征及污染来源分析北京北运河水系水质污染特征及污染来源分析.pdf

中国环境科学 2013,33(2)：319~327 China Environmental Science 北京北运河水系水质污染特征及污染来源分析 荆红卫 1*,张志刚 2,郭 婧 1 (1.北京市环境保护监测中心,北京 100048；2.核与辐射安全中心,北京 100082) 摘要：以北运河水系主要干支流 2011 年 1~12 月 23 项指标的监测数据为依据,采用水质类别法和平均综合污染指数法,对水质污染特征进 行综合评价,运用主成分分析和系统聚类分析法,对水质指标主成分以及水质差异进行分类,并进一步对不同干支流污染来源进行分析.结 果表明,北运河水系由于排污量大,地表水污染严重,除城市中心区部分河流水质为Ⅲ~Ⅳ类外,城市排水河流、远郊河流水质均为劣Ⅴ类.水 质由 3 个主成分组成,COD、CODMn、BOD5、NH3-N、TP 等为第一主成分;汞为第二主成分;石油类为第三主成分.干支流水质分为 4 类: 第 1 类为清洁水源类河流,主要集中在城市中心区,降雨地表径流、雨污合流管网溢流引起的非点源污染是影响其水质达标的重要污染源; 第 2 类为再生水水源类河流,主要集中在城市排水上游河流,城镇污水处理厂排水是其主要污染源;第 3 类为再生水与污水混合水源类河流, 主要集中在城市排水下游河流及部分远郊区河流,由于城市下游排水管网不健全,远郊区污水集中处理率低,生活源和农业源的污染贡献率 较高,水质污染严重;第 4 类为污水水源类河流,分布于远郊区县,农业污染占比较大,水质污染最严重. 关键词：北运河水系；地表水质；污染特征；污染来源 中图分类号：X522 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000－6923(2013)02-0319-09 Water pollution characteristics and pollution sources of Bei Canal river system in Beijing. JING Hong-wei1*, ZHANG Zhi-gang2, GUO Jing1 (1.Beijing Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China；2.Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Beijing 100082, China). China Environmental Science, 2013,33(2)：319~327 Abstract：Based on the monthly monitoring data of 23 water quality indexes of the main streams and tributaries of Bei Canal river system in 2011, a comprehensive water quality evaluation was made using water quality category method and average comprehensive pollution index method. Principal components of water quality indexes and pollution sources were determined with principal component analysis (PCA) and system clustering analysis method (SCAM). The results showed that the surface water in Bei Canal river system was heavily polluted due to high pollution discharge. Except that the water quality of urban central rivers was in class III ~ IV, the water quality in other areas such as urban drainage rivers and outsuburb rivers was below class V. According to the PCA